Lower back pain is a common problem affecting a large portion of the world's population. It can quickly become a burden, disrupting daily activities, decreasing productivity at work, and in some cases, becoming a real source of disability. In the modern age, where long hours spent sitting have become the norm, our backs, and particularly the lumbar region, are under considerable pressure.

The good news is that most lower back pain can be prevented or managed, provided you understand its cause and adopt the right habits. This starts with understanding the importance of sitting posture and ergonomics in managing this pain. In this article, we'll explore the best sitting positions to relieve and prevent lower back pain, offering practical tips and simple adjustments you can implement in your daily life.

What is lower back pain?

Lower back pain, or lumbar pain, refers to discomfort felt in the area between the ribs and the pelvis. It can manifest as sharp pain, stiffness, or a burning sensation in this area. The causes of this pain can be multiple: muscle tension related to poor posture, intense physical exertion, or more complex problems such as herniated discs, sciatica, or arthritis.

In our modern society, one of the major causes of lower back pain is prolonged sitting. When we sit for long hours, often in uncomfortable or unsuitable positions, it puts excessive pressure on the spinal discs and weakens the back muscles, increasing the risk of pain.

The importance of posture

Posture is one of the key factors in maintaining back health. Poor posture, such as leaning forward or slouching, puts unnecessary pressure on the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and lumbar muscles, leading to pain and tension. Good posture, on the other hand, supports the natural curvature of the spine and distributes body weight evenly.

To adopt good posture, it is essential to follow a few simple rules:

• Keep your feet firmly planted on the ground, knees at a 90-degree angle.
• Keep your back straight, without leaning forward.
• Relax your shoulders, without tensing them upwards.
• Do not cross your legs, which can disrupt back alignment.

Ergonomics: An essential tool against pain

Ergonomics, which involves adjusting the work environment to match the needs of the human body, is a valuable asset in preventing lower back pain. Here are some practical tips for creating an ergonomic workspace:

1. Choose the right chair

The chair plays a fundamental role in maintaining good posture. An ergonomic chair with adjustable lumbar support helps support the natural curvature of the lower back, reducing pressure on the spinal discs. It's also essential to be able to adjust the chair's height so that your feet rest flat on the floor and your knees are at hip height.

2. Position the desk correctly

The desk should be at a height that allows forearms to be parallel to the floor, while maintaining an upright posture. If using a computer, make sure the screen is at eye level to avoid having to tilt your head forward or backward.

3. Use a footrest and armrests

If your feet don't touch the floor when you sit, using a footrest can be beneficial in reducing pressure on your lower back. Similarly, adjustable armrests can support your arms and prevent shoulder and neck strain.

4. Incorporate regular breaks

Even with proper posture and an ergonomic environment, sitting for long periods can cause pain. It's important to stand, stretch, and walk regularly to prevent stiffness and stimulate circulation.

The best positions for sitting

Maintaining good posture is essential, but certain specific positions can also help reduce lower back pain. Here are the best positions to adopt every day:

1. The classic sitting posture

To maintain correct posture, sit with your feet flat on the floor, your knees at right angles, and your back straight. Keep your shoulders relaxed and avoid slouching or leaning forward. You can use a lumbar cushion to support the natural curve of your back.

2. Active sitting on a gym ball

Using a gym ball for sitting helps strengthen your core muscles while maintaining good posture. This promotes movement and helps prevent stiffness that can occur after long hours of sitting. When sitting on the ball, keep your feet flat on the floor and your back straight.

3. Sitting cross-legged

Some people find that sitting cross-legged (or Indian position) helps relieve pressure on the lower back. This position helps distribute body weight evenly and keeps the back straight.

4. Reclined sitting position

Sitting back slightly in a reclining chair can relieve pressure on the spine. However, it's important not to overdo this recline and to ensure your back stays aligned to avoid compromising your posture.

5. Change position regularly

One of the most beneficial practices is not to stay in the same position for too long. It is recommended to change postures every 30 minutes and take breaks to walk, stretch, or stand for a few moments.

Exercises and stretches to relieve pain

In addition to good posture, exercise and stretching can play a key role in managing lower back pain. Here are some simple exercises to incorporate into your daily routine:

• Pelvic tilt: Lie on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the floor. Engage your abdominal muscles and press your lower back into the floor, then release. Repeat this exercise to strengthen your core muscles and improve back stability.

• Cat-Cow Stretch: On all fours, alternate between rounding your back (cat pose) and arching it (cow pose). This exercise helps loosen your spine and reduce tension in your lower back.

• Child's Pose: In a kneeling position, sit back on your heels and stretch your arms out in front of you. This position promotes relaxation and relieves tension in the lower back.

Conclusion

Maintaining good posture and engaging in regular exercise are key to preventing and relieving lower back pain. However, it's important not to ignore signs of persistent pain. In cases of chronic or severe pain, consulting a healthcare professional, such as a physiotherapist, is essential for receiving appropriate, personalized advice.

By taking care of your posture and incorporating good habits into your daily life, you can improve your comfort and reduce the risk of lower back pain, so you can stay active and healthy.